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Hashima Island
, commonly called Gunkanjima (軍艦島; meaning ''Battleship Island''), is an abandoned island lying about 15 kilometers (9 miles) from the city of Nagasaki, in southern Japan. It is one of 505 uninhabited islands in Nagasaki Prefecture. The island's most notable features are the abandoned historical concrete buildings, undisturbed except by nature, and the surrounding sea wall. While the island is a symbol of rapid industrialization of Japan, it is also a reminder of its dark history as a site of forced labor prior to and during the Second World War.
The island was known for its undersea coal mines, established in 1887, which operated during the industrialization of Japan. The island reached a peak population of 5,259 in 1959. In 1974, with coal supplies nearing depletion, the mine was closed and all of the residents departed soon after, leaving the island effectively abandoned for the following three decades. Interest in the island re-emerged in the 2000s on account of its undisturbed historic ruins, and it gradually became a tourist attraction of a sort. Certain collapsed exterior walls have since been restored, and travel to Hashima was re-opened to tourists on April 22, 2009. Increasing interest in the island resulted in an initiative for its protection as a site of industrial heritage. The island was formally approved as a UNESCO World Heritage site in July 2015, as part of Japan's "Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining.〔http://whc.unesco.org/en/newproperties/date=2015&mode=list〕
==Etymology==
''Battleship Island'' is an English translation of the Japanese nickname for Hashima Island, ''Gunkanjima'' (''gunkan'' meaning ''battleship'', ''jima'' being the rendaku form of ''shima'', meaning ''island''). The island's nickname came from its resemblance to the Japanese battleship ''Tosa''.〔Kawamoto, Yashuhiko. ( "Deserted 'Battleship Isle' may become heritage ghost ship," ) ''The Japan Times''. February 17, 2009.〕 During the World War II era, the island was allegedly referred to as the "Jail Island" or "Hell Island" among Korean forced laborers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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